At the Aerosol Intelligence Laboratory (AIL), we pioneer Faraday 3D Printing—a groundbreaking technique designed to meet this challenge. Inspired by Faraday's concept of lines of force, we repurpose these fields as true 3D nano-drawing tools. Unlike wavelength-limited lithography, this method possesses no inherent downsizing limit, directly enabling the assembly of matter at the atomic scale to create expansive arrays of intricate, multi-material nanoarchitectures.

Our proprietary system achieves unparalleled flexibility by precisely manipulating electric and flow fields. This allows for high-precision, large-area printing with a vast selection of materials, a prospect previously untapped in nanofabrication. This capability permits the precise tailoring of optical, electronic, and mechanical properties through control of material composition, geometry, feature size, and array periodicity.

We posit that Faraday 3D Printing represents a monumental paradigm shift from lithography to additive, atomic-level manufacturing. This technology is not merely an advancement but a foundational breakthrough, establishing the core research agenda of AIL for the future of nanoelectronics and nanophotonics. 

Clusters of atoms, named as atomic clusters or superatoms may behave just like solitary atoms, because they have electrons that ‘circle’ the entire cluster. Their properties change abruptly and nonpredictively, a stage in which even the addition of a single atom or electron may cause a drastic change. In this regime, the electron wavelength becomes comparable to the cluster size. The fact that properties of matter at this length scale are fundamentally different from their bulk behavior can be effectively used to create materials with tailored properties. Such clusters can also be assembled by our Faraday 3D nanoprinting, the resulting cluster-assembled materials are expected to expand the scope of materials science.

We have sucessfully devise a system that enables the control of electric field lines into a 3D drawing tool. This foundamentally new 3D printing technique will help resolving the limits encoutered in lighograpic technologies. The 3D-printed architectures have nanometer-scale control over the size, orientations, and position of each nanostructure. Based on the understanding of the complex system, we weave together various possibilities for unprecedented forms of matter–from nanomanufacturing to 3D nanoprinting. 

We have sucessfully devise a system that enables the control of electric field lines into a 3D drawing tool. This foundamentally new 3D printing technique will help resolving the limits encoutered in lighograpic technologies. The 3D-printed architectures have nanometer-scale control over the size, orientations, and position of each nanostructure. Based on the understanding of the complex system, we weave together various possibilities for unprecedented forms of matter–from nanomanufacturing to 3D nanoprinting. 

Noble metal nanostructures display remarkable optical properties that arise from the coupling of incident light to the collective motion of the conduction electrons. The excitation, propagation, and localization of these plasmons can be tailored by the geometry and size of 3D-printed nanostructures. Their subwavelength optical confinement has enabled nanoscale photonic waveguides, modulators, enhancement of second-harmonic generation, light-trapping structures for photovoltaics, and biological labeling techniques. Considering the key advantages in printing speed, feature size and miltimaterials, we unlock the full pontieal of the Faraday 3D nanoprinting in optical metamaterials and nanoelectronics.The printed materials/nanodivecies can deliver new phenomena, new science, and new horizons that have been never conceived before! 

Noble metal nanostructures display remarkable optical properties that arise from the coupling of incident light to the collective motion of the conduction electrons. The excitation, propagation, and localization of these plasmons can be tailored by the geometry and size of 3D-printed nanostructures. Their subwavelength optical confinement has enabled nanoscale photonic waveguides, modulators, enhancement of second-harmonic generation, light-trapping structures for photovoltaics, and biological labeling techniques. Considering the key advantages in printing speed, feature size and multi-materials, we unlock the full pontieal of the Faraday 3D nanoprinting in optical metamaterials and nanoelectronics. The resulting printed materials/nanodivecies can deliver new phenomena, new science, and new horizons that have been never conceived before! 

We invented a new method for creating unprecedented alloys by carefully choosing a kinetic pathway of vapor-crystal transformation. The artificial lightning is manipulated to mix the vapors of different materials, which are then kinetically trapped to form random alloys. In this way, we break the miscibility limits, i.e., enforce immiscibile materials to form stable alloys. We also coined a 'light cone' diagram to show that the materials become mixable below a threshold size.

We invented a new method for creating unprecedented alloys by carefully choosing a kinetic pathway of vapor-crystal transformation. The artificial lightning is manipulated to mix the vapors of different materials, which are then kinetically trapped to form random alloys. In this way, we break the miscibility limits, i.e., enfore immiscibile materials to form stable alloys. We also coined a 'light cone' diagram to show that the materials become mixable below a threshold size.